A Complete Guide to Industrial Workplace Safety

What is site safety?

People working in factories and on construction sites are at significantly greater risk than those in comfortable offices, thanks to all those heavy objects, corrosive chemicals, forklift trucks and production lines left running 24/7.

According to the latest government statistics, construction is Britain’s second most dangerous industry, accounting for 30 fatal accidents in the 12 months to 2019. The most dangerous? Agriculture, forestry and fishing, with 32 recent deaths. Manufacturing came third, with 26 fatalities in the same period.

Good practice in site safety is involves drawing up a list of tight working procedures designed to control and minimise the risks posed by a particular location. Typical examples include:

• Full training

• The routine use of applicable safety wear (high visibility jackets, hard hats, etc)

• Continuous communication between different teams

• Ongoing and routine inspection of potentially hazardous equipment

What are site safety rules?

Most industrial and construction site safety rules in the UK are derived from the regulations set out in the Health and Safety At Work Act 1974. This places a legal duty on employers to protect, as far as practical, the safety of employees, contractors and members of the public (for example, neighbours and visitors). The Health and Safety at Work (NI) Order 1978 applies in Northern Ireland.

Any employer with more than five employees must draft a health and safety policy – and regularly update this.

A typical site safety rules template might include:

1. Wear relevant personal protection equipment (PPE) at all times. On an average construction site this is likely to mean, at the very least, a hard hat, safety boots and a high vis jacket, but you may require additional items.

2. Keep things tidy. Tools and equipment that has not been properly stored, as well as general clutter, can lead to potentially serious falls and trips.

3. Don’t take unnecessary risks. Stay alert and avoid unsafe areas such as directly beneath crane loads or heights without guardrails.

4. Report any problems or near misses immediately. This will allow swift remedial action to be taken.

5. Read and follow all safety signs and risk assessments for specific activities. Be generous with the display of construction site safety boards: keep everyone on their toes.

6. Never start work on a new site without a site-specific induction, setting out the hazards unique to that location.

7. Never try and improvise repairs or temporary fixes for faulty equipment, or make unauthorised changes to a workspace (such as removing guardrails or handguards). The risks are obvious.

8. Be prepared: start compiling a building site health and safety checklist as soon as you know a particular job needs to be done. See below for more on construction site safety assessments.

Site safety rules for contractors have a slightly different focus because they are new to your business and unfamiliar with your particular working practices. Unfamiliarity brings risks.

As with employees, contractors have a duty to behave responsibly and not place themselves in unnecessary danger.

Site safety assessments

These consist of a detailed analysis of the hazards present at a particular industrial or construction site. Assessments will have some general elements that apply to all sites – but the particular combination of risks will often be unique to each location. If five or more employees are working on a particular site, your safety assessment must be written down, but this is good practice even if there are fewer because it will help everyone keep track of their responsibilities.

When does the site safety assessment begin? Right at the start, while the project is still in its planning stages. A site safety checklist template could include:

	A list of the specific hazards – for example heights, heavy loads, vehicles, dangerous chemicals.
	A list identifying who is most at risk from each issue – specific employees? Members of the public? On site contractors?
	An assessment of the urgency of each hazard – which are the most in need of attention? Discuss these with your team and possibly the local emergency services too.
	Write down your conclusions, as well as the plans you have formulated to address each risk in a site-specific safety plan.
	Regularly review your assessment and change your plans as the project progresses.

Certain dangers – for example chemicals, working at height, or loud noise – may require individual assessments.

Site Safety Equipment

Equipment is available to suit many different working environments or tasks. We cover some of the most popular types below

How to improve site safety

Responsible industrial and construction site health and safety planning requires effort and can be costly, but it will certainly cost your business a lot less than a serious accident! Save lives and save your business

• Train employees required to lift and move heavy objects in how to do safely, without injuring themselves.

• Look into noise insulation. Loud noises experienced over an extended period of time can cause hearing loss, high blood pressure, stress and headaches. Anything over 85 decibels should be a cause for concern. Ear protection, screens, acoustic barriers and equipment adjustment can all make a big difference.

• Slips and trips are one of the commonest causes of injury on construction sites, injuring thousands every year. Everyone on site should keep a careful eye out for slippery or uneven surfaces, discarded objects and trailing cables.

• If the construction site contains higher areas, be sure to install proper harnesses, guardrails or similar equipment in the vicinity, and be strict with procedures and training. Falls are one of the commonest causes of fatal accidents in the construction industry.

• Monitor air quality and provide adequate ventilation. Dust is a significant health hazard on construction sites, so be sure to look at extraction systems, containment areas and breathing masks where necessary. Exhaust fumes can also be a significant risk to health on some sites so consider on-site vehicles with catalytic and particulate converters. The overuse of gas heaters during the colder months increases the risk of poisoning.

• Monitor equipment regularly – especially portable equipment, which is especially prone to damage and mechanical failure