Logic ICs (Integrated Circuits), which implement logical operations in the logic gate of digital circuits, are built from semiconductor devices, transistors, resistors, and diodes. They provide the foundation of most digital technology. The majority of logic gates today are fabricated from MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors), which is a type of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology.
What do logic gates do? Simply, logic gates make sensible decisions. Electronic devices process information in binary code (either 0 or 1), and logic gates help them to execute this.
How do logic gates work? There are seven logic gates. They are all based on Boolean algebra. The seven logic gates are, NOT, OR, NOR, AND, NAND, XOR, and XNOR. All logic gates feature one output from two or more inputs. A logic gate accepts inputs of digital information. It then performs a logical operation to output a binary decision – either true (1), or false (0).
Many defined combinations of logic gates are used to make more complex decisions, but there are physical limits to the number of thousands of logic gates taking up the space on a silicon wafer in a chip. The reduction in chip size has enabled significant improvements in the performance, features, and energy efficiency of electronic devices.