The battery charge monitoring system is the component responsible for determining the energy remaining in the battery. It provides information such as remaining battery capacity (mAh), state-of-charge (%), and battery voltage (mV). It minimises dependence on host processor and improves standby power.

Safety protections such as over/under-​temperature, extra levels of over/under-voltage, discharge short circuit, charge overcurrent
Autonomously measures all cell voltages, integrated pack current and temperature every 1 second
Capacity Indication with advanced algorithms
Accurate battery State-Of-Health (SOH) enables accurate prediction of available capacity
Smart charging and adaptability

Battery Management, Texas Instruments